Adhyay 1 : Shloka 1 and 2

Adhyay १: shloka १

Dhritrashra asks to sanjay :

"Dharma-kshetre kuru-kshetre samaveta yuyutsavah | Mamakaah pandavashchaiva kimakurvata sanjaya ||"

 

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच

धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे समवेता युयुत्सव: |

मामका: पाण्डवाश्र्चैव किमकुर्वत सञ्जय ||

Meaning: 

The Mahabharata war was fought to uphold dharma and eradicate adharma. Those who survived the battle emerged with true dharma in their hearts, having demonstrated their inner virtue through the crucible of conflict.

Dhritarashtra, who was the father of the Kauravas, was not only blind by sight but also blind to righteousness. In his attachment to his sons, he supported adharma (unrighteousness) and thus became the cause of the fall of the Kuru dynasty. In the above shloka Dhritarashtra asked Sanjaya, "O Sanjaya, what have done by my sons and the sons of Pandu, who have gathered at Kurukshetra with the desire for war". Sanjaya, who had divine vision, could see the events occurring on the battlefield while seated in Hastinapura. Here, Dhritarashtra referred to the Kauravas as "Kuru," distinguishing the Pandavas from the Kuru lineage. This indicates Dhritarashtra's intent towards the Pandavas. He knew that wherever Lord Krishna was, there was righteousness and victory.

In our daily lives, we often engage in actions we know are wrong, yet we persist in them. This reflects the condition of Dhritarashtra, who, despite his awareness of his misdeeds, remains unable to correct his course.

Here, the meaning of Dharma is that a person with Dharma has a clear and pure role in every aspect of life and always stands against the adharma. Such a person is gentle-natured and speaks with a sweet demeanor. They possess love in their heart and have self-control and discipline over themselves.

Adhyay १: shloka २

Sañjaya uvāca :

 Dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkaṃ vyūḍhaṃ duryodhanastadā | 

Āchāryamupasaṅgamya rājā vacanamabravīt || 

सञ्जय उवाच |

 दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकं व्यूढं दुर्योधनस्तदा | आचार्यमुपसंगम्य राजा वचनमब्रवीत् ||

Meaning:

Sanjay said, "O King! Upon witnessing the battle formation devised by the Pandavas, Duryodhana went to his teacher, Guru Dronacharya, and spoke these words."

Duryodhana was deeply disturbed by the Pandavas' battle formation, yet he tried to conceal his fear through diplomacy while his heart was full of arrogance. He approached Guru Drona to express his concerns,. Here , sanjay addressing duryodhan as "king" to mitigate King Dhritarashtra's despair. Dhritarashtra was aware of Krishna's divine nature and the sanctity of Kurukshetra and did not wish for their influence to affect the outcome of the war.

From this verse, we learn that despite being arrogant and deceitful, Duryodhana had hope and determination for victory. He carefully observed the Pandavas' strategies with the intention of defeating them. 

This teaches us that to achieve success in any field, we must plan with determination and thorough observation. By discarding arrogance and false pride, we can indeed achieve our goals unlike duryodhan.